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13. Yüzyılda Anadolu ve Kafkasya: Mkhargrdzeli Sülalesine Bağlı Mimaride Papa I. Sylvester Figürü / Anatolia and Caucasia in the Thirteenth Century: The Depiction of Pope Sylvester I in the Churches of the Mkhargrdzeli Family
Öz
Mkhargrdzeli sülalesine bağlı mimari; Orta Çağ Anadolu ve Kafkasya’nın dinî, askerî, siyasi ve sosyal ortamına ışık tutmaktadır. Kars Ani Tigran Honents’in Aziz Gregorios Kilisesi (1215-1225) ve Ermenistan Akhtala Kilisesi’nde (1205-1213) kilise babalarından Roma Piskoposu I. Sylvester’ın (314-335) resmedilmesi buna örnektir. Bir Roma piskoposunun bölgedeki bilinen sadece iki örneğinin, Mkhargrdzeli ailesiyle ilgili yapılarda yer alması açıklanmalıdır. Roma piskoposu bu iki kilisenin en kutsal duvarında neden resmedilmiştir? Bir yandan Bizans’tan ümidini kesen bölgenin Hıristiyan devletleri, güçlenen Müslümanlara karşı sözde Hıristiyan Prester John’un (David) beklentisinin rivayet olduğunun farkına varmış, diğer yandan Batı Hıristiyanları doğuda emellerini gerçekleştirmek için destek arayışına girmiştir. Mkhargrdzeli sülalesine bağlı mimari de bu bağlamda dönemin mücadelelerini ve anlaşmalarını aydınlatmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerden yola çıkarak I. Sylvester figürünün Mkhargrdzeli sülalesinin kiliselerinde yer alması sorusuna ve duvar görsellerinin tarihlendirilmesine yeni öneriler getirilmiş, duvar görsellerinin bölgede gelişen siyasi ve dinî olaylarla bağı ortaya konulmuştur.
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